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Technical Articles Wastewater / Industrial Ammonia / Biological Oxygen Demand / Chemical Oxygen Demand / Dissolved Oxygen / Ortho P / Corrosion and Odours / Haemoglobin / Ozone Water Dissolved Organic Carbon / Distribution System/Raw Water Studies / SAC254 / Toxicity / Turbidity / Ozone
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| Improved Nutrient Removal Using an On-line Ammonia Analyser to Control a Sewerage Treatment Plant Advanced process control using an on-line NH3 analyser allows the production of improved and consistent effluent quality, with less aeration and a reduced N load to the environment.
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| Biological Oxygen Demand |
The performance of a wastewater treatment plant can be improved quite easily. Using advanced process control techniques, processes are improved and concentration of discharged components decreased.
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Oxygen Demand |
Determination of COD in a Meat Processing Waste using the s::can spectro::lyser The accurate and rapid determination of waste strength in food processing wastes is important for many reasons:
The s::can spectro::lyser offers an opportunity to measure COD directly on-line without the use of other chemicals. On-line Measurement of COD and Suspended Solids in a Brewery Waste using the s::can spectro::lyser The accurate and rapid determination of waste strength from food manufacturing industries is important to help control the loss of valuable product and to provide accurate information on which trade waste limits and charges can be checked. The s::can spectro::lyser offers the opportunity to rapidly study the effect of treatment over a full range of wavelengths, at multiple sites without having to wait for laboratory data.
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Superior DO Control with Zullig Probes Reduces Aeration Costs at STP's Excellent aeration control is essential for the efficient operation of a modern Sewage Treatment Plant (STP). The real cost of inaccurate and varying DO measurement includes:
Simple Method for the Demonstration of DO Membrane Fouling and it's Impact on STP's Fouling of membranes in Membrane D.O. probes can be demonstrated using a simple test. A D.O. sensor that reads low is likely to cause over aeration of the wastewater and cost money. Dissolved Oxygen Control in Industrial Waste Water Treatment. The cost of buying the Züllig sensors was paid back in 10 weeks...
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| Ortho P | Opportunities for Control of Real Time Data - Online P Monitoring Aids Optimisation of P Removal On-line analysers allow the collection of large quantities of real time data in an easily interpreted form. Imagine being able to alter the control parameters at your plant one day and seeing the outcome when you wake up the following morning, without having to raise a finger to collect samples or carry out endless bench tests.
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| Corrosion and Odours | CORROSION AND ODOUR MANAGEMENT IN SEWERS: THE STATE OF THE ART AND KEY CHALLENGES Sewer corrosion and odour problems are widely spread worldwide, and Australia is no exception. Mitigation of corrosion and odour problems is costing the Australian water industry hundreds of millions of dollars a year. Corrosion control and odour management require a good understanding of key in-sewer physical, chemical and biological processes to support strategic decision-making, and reliable tools and technologies to enable cost-effective sewer operations. However, several knowledge and technology gaps are present and these are hindering optimal management of sewer corrosion and odour problems. The aim of this contribution is to review state-of-the-art knowledge and practice based on both published and grey literature, and to identify key knowledge gaps and challenges to be addressed in future research.
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| Haemoglobin | Real-time in-situ measurement of haemoglobin in wastewater The meat processing industry generates large volumes of relatively high load wastewater. In New Zealand and Australia this wastewater is often pre-treated on site and then discharged to the environment or municipal sewers. Due to the limited scope of water quality parameters which can be measured in real-time it is often difficult for industry and public bodies to optimise treatment processes or monitor for water-quality compliance. Abattoir wastewater is often observed to be red in colour, due to the presence of haemoglobin. Measurement of visible light absorption spectra of wastewater grab samples has for some time provided information about blood concentration. However such grab sampling techniques are piecemeal and cannot provide instantaneous time resolved signals which are required for process control or comprehensive monitoring. In this work an in-situ UV/VIS spectrometer is used to continuously determine the concentration of haemoglobin in wastewater at various stages of an abattoir wastewater treatment system and in wastewater arriving for treatment at two different Wastewater Treatment Plants (WWTPs). The data is of high temporal resolution- data recorded at the distant WWTPs allows for identification process events, such as the end of shift wash downs. This work presents methodology for determining haemoglobin concentration in real-time and presents examples of the high resolution data which can be collected.
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| Ozone | |
| Dissolved Organic Carbon | Removal of Organics during Water Treatment Studies using the s::can spectro::lyser Organic material that is not removed by conventional water treatment contributes to a number of problems in modern water supply systems. The s::can spectro::lyser offers the opportunity to rapidly study the effect of treatment over a full range of wavelengths, at multiple sites without having to wait for laboratory data. The Measurement of water quality Parameters using the s::can spectro::lyser Management of drinking water quality requires the routine measurement of an increasing number of parameters. More recently the need to measure parameters associated with the general organic content of the water has become important.
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| Distribution System / Raw Water Studies | Distribution System Studies using UV-VIS Spectroscopy and the s::can spectro::lyser The distribution system was long considered a simple system of pipes conveying water from a raw water source of Water Treatment Plant to the customer. It is now recognised as a complex bioreactor that has the potential to adversely affect the quality of water delivered to the customer. UV-VIS spectroscopy using the s::can spectro::lyser provides a way to qualitatively monitor these effects. Characterisation of a Taste and Odour Problem in Drinking Water using UV-VIS Spectroscopy Many Water Authorities face taste and odour problems in their water supply systems. These problems are often transitory and geographically separate. They are notoriously difficult to study and can be difficult to treat. UV-VIS spectroscopy, using the s::can spectro::lyser provides a way to qualitatively study these problems and to monitor the effectiveness of process modifications.
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| SAC254 | spectro::lyers for Drinking Water and Environmental Monitoring In order to prevent any jeopardy to the drinking water consumers' health, the measure data must be available continuously and without delay. This is the only way to allow quick reaction to changes in the water quality. These requirements can only be fulfilled by on-line assessment of the raw and drinking water qualities.
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| Toxicity | spectro::lyers for Drinking Water and Environmental Monitoring In order to prevent any jeopardy to the drinking water consumers' health, the measure data must be available continuously and without delay. This is the only way to allow quick reaction to changes in the water quality. These requirements can only be fulfilled by on-line assessment of the raw and drinking water qualities.
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| Turbidity | spectro::lyers for Drinking Water and Environmental Monitoring In order to prevent any jeopardy to the drinking water consumers' health, the measure data must be available continuously and without delay. This is the only way to allow quick reaction to changes in the water quality. These requirements can only be fulfilled by on-line assessment of the raw and drinking water qualities. Removal of Organics during Water Treatment Studies using the s::can spectro::lyser Organic material that is not removed by conventional water treatment contributes to a number of problems in modern water supply systems. The s::can spectro::lyser offers the opportunity to rapidly study the effect of treatment over a full range of wavelengths, at multiple sites without having to wait for laboratory data.
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| Ozone |
Pilot-scale experiments were performed to determine the effect of raw water quality on the performance of ozonation and biofiltration. The raw water quality was monitored by an on-line UV/Vis-spectrophotometer, which measured the dissolved organic carbon concentration (DOC) and the UV absorbance from 200 to 750 nm. A second UV/Vis-spectrophotometer was used to determine the change in the spectrum during ozonation. Based on this differential spectrum a previously developed algorithm was applied to determine the amount of assimilable organic carbon (AOC) formed during ozonation. Besides the on-line measurements, a model, which estimates AOC formation, was used. The results of the measurements and model were used to simulate the pressure build up in the biofilters, as a result of biomass growth on AOC. The model predictions can be used to optimize operational parameters of the biofilters, such as filter run time between backwashing. The concentrations of dissolved ozone and assimilable organic carbon (AOC) are important performance parameters in drinking water production. For the measurement of ozone, a spectral algorithm was developed that allows quantification in situ using a UV/Vis spectrometer probe. Furthermore, a strong correlation between the change in the absorption spectrum after individual treatment steps and the formation or removal of AOC in that treatment step was observed. This allowed the development of a spectral algorithm that predicts AOC formation during ozonation and subsequent removal in further treatment steps. This method has been verified at one pilot plant of the Amsterdam drinking water supply.
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